Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau kev txhim kho ib puag ncig thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua qias tuaj hauv lub tebchaws, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam biodegradable cov ntaub ntawv tau coj los ua lub sijhawm zoo rau kev txhim kho.
Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab biodegradable, coj los ntawm biodegradable plastics, uas tau suav tias yog cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau "dawb paug" ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg, tau los rau hauv tib neeg txoj kev xav ntau thiab ntau dua.
Tom ntej no, kuv xav qhia qee cov khoom siv biodegradable.
PLA
Polylactic acid (Poly lactic acid PLA) yog cov khoom siv degradable tshaj plaws, tseem hu ua polylactide, uas tsis muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej thiab feem ntau yog polymerized nrog lactic acid ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov khoom siv hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog saccharified rau qabzib, thiab tom qab ntawd cov piam thaj thiab qee cov kab mob tau fermented los tsim cov lactic acid siab, thiab tom qab ntawd polylactic acid nrog qee qhov hnyav molecular yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis.
PBAT.
PBAT belongs rau thermoplastic biodegradable plastics.Nws yog ib copolymer ntawm butylene adipate thiab butylene terephthalate.Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm PBA thiab PBT.Nws tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov zoo ductility thiab elongation ntawm kev tawg, tab sis kuj muaj cov cua sov ua haujlwm zoo thiab cuam tshuam cov khoom.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj biodegradability zoo heev.
Ntawm lawv, cov ntaub ntawv nyoos xws li butanediol, oxalic acid thiab PTA tau yooj yim muaj thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav ntau hom, xws li txhaj tshuaj molding, extrusion molding, tshuab moulding thiab lwm yam.
Tam sim no, cov khoom siv yas biodegradable siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam loj tau hloov kho lossis sib xyaw ua ke, uas PBAT feem ntau yog siv nrog PLA.Piv txwv li, lub hnab yas biodegradable siv rau ntawm qhov loj yog cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm PLA thiab PBAT.
Kev sib piv ntawm cov ntawv sau cia nruab nrab ntawm PBAT thiab PLA
PBS.
PBS yog hu ua polybutylene succinate.Nyob rau xyoo 1990, Showa Polymer Company ntawm Nyij Pooj thawj zaug siv isocyanate ua cov saw txuas ntxiv thiab ua rau muaj qhov hnyav molecular polyester synthesized los ntawm Polycondensation ntawm dicarboxylic glycol los npaj siab molecular hnyav polymers.PBS polyester tau pib nyiam dav dav raws li hom tshiab ntawm biodegradable plastics.Piv nrog rau lwm cov tsoos biodegradable polyesters, PBS muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg, kuj muaj qhov kub siab melting point, zoo tshav kub tsis kam thiab txhua yam khoom.Nws cov khoom siv raw tuaj yeem tau txais tsis yog los ntawm cov peev txheej roj av, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha fermentation.Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov roj thiab lwm yam khoom siv tsis tau txuas ntxiv tau nce zuj zus, tus yam ntxwv no muaj qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Cov ntsiab lus, kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm PBS, PLS, PBAT thiab PHA
Tam sim no, cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau siv biodegradable plastics txawv.PLA muaj cov pob tshab zoo, glossiness, siab melting point thiab lub zog, tab sis tsis tshua muaj tensile toughness thiab crystallinity.PBAT muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si PBA thiab PBT, thiab muaj qhov zoo ductility thiab elongation thaum tawg.Tab sis nws cov dej vapor barrier thiab oxygen barrier tsis zoo.PBS muaj cov dej tsis zoo, tiv thaiv tshav kub thiab cov khoom siv dav dav, ua haujlwm kub qhov rais, thiab muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov yas degradable universal.Qhov kub deformation ntawm PBS yog ze rau 100C, thiab nws tuaj yeem siab dua 100C tom qab hloov kho.Txawm li cas los xij, PBS kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo xws li lub zog yaj qis thiab qeeb crystallization tus nqi.Hais txog biodegradability, PLA degradation tej yam kev mob yog nruj dua, PBS thiab PBAT yog yooj yim dua degraded.Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias biodegradation ntawm PLA, PBS thiab PBAT tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej, thiab feem ntau degraded los ntawm enzymes thiab kab mob nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm compost, av, dej thiab activated sludge.
Piv txwv li, kev ua tau zoo ntawm ib qho khoom siv yas degradable muaj nws tus kheej qhov tsis xws luag, tab sis tom qab copolymerization, blending, auxiliaries thiab lwm yam kev hloov kho, nws tuaj yeem npog daim ntawv thov ntawm cov yas pov tseg xws li PE, PP hauv ntim, textile, pov tseg tableware. thiab lwm yam.
Post lub sij hawm: 20-12-22