1. Dab tsi yog yas?
Plastics yog cov khoom siv polymeric ua los ntawm monomer ua raw khoom los ntawm kev sib ntxiv lossis condensation polymerization.
Cov saw hlau polymer yog photopolymer yog tias nws yog polymerized los ntawm ib qho monomer. Yog hais tias muaj ntau monomers nyob rau hauv ib tug polymer saw, lub polymer yog ib tug copolymer. Hauv lwm lo lus, yas yog polymer.
2. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov yas
Cov yas tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov thermoplastic thiab thermosetting plastics raws li lub xeev tom qab cua sov.
Thermosetting yas yog cov yas uas muaj cov khoom cua sov, kho thiab insoluble, tsis yaj. Cov yas no tsuas yog tsim tau ib zaug xwb.
Feem ntau muaj hluav taws xob ua tau zoo heev, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus kev ua haujlwm siab.
Tab sis nws qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb yog qhov ua haujlwm nrawm nrawm thiab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yog qhov nyuaj.
Qee cov thermosetting plastics muaj xws li:
Phenol yas (rau lub lauj kaub tuav);
Melamine (siv nyob rau hauv yas laminates);
Epoxy resin (rau cov nplaum);
Polyester unsaturated (rau lub cev);
Vinyl lipids (siv hauv lub cev tsheb);
Polyurethane (rau cov leeg thiab ua npuas ncauj).
Thermoplastic yog ib hom yas uas yog malleable ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, solidifies tom qab txias, thiab tuaj yeem rov ua cov txheej txheem.
Yog li ntawd, cov thermoplastics tuaj yeem siv dua.
Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau tuaj yeem siv tau txog li xya zaus ua ntej lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
3. Kev ua cov yas thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev siv los ua cov yas los ntawm cov khoom mus rau ntau yam khoom tiav, cov hauv qab no feem ntau siv:
Txhaj tshuaj molding (txoj kev ua ntau tshaj plaws);
Tshuab moulding (ua lub raj mis thiab cov khoom hollow);
Extrusion molding (kev tsim cov kav dej, kav dej, profiles, cables);
Tshuab zaj duab xis tsim (ua cov hnab yas);
Yob molding (tsim khoom loj hollow, xws li ntim, buoys);
Vacuum forming (ua cov ntim, tiv thaiv lub thawv)
4. Cov khoom thiab kev siv ntawm cov khoom siv yas
Cov yas tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov yas dav dav, engineering plastics, tshwj xeeb engineering plastics thiab lwm yam.
Cov yas dav dav: yog hais txog cov yas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv peb lub neej, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov yas ntau yam xws li: PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS thiab lwm yam.
Engineering plastics: yas siv los ua cov khoom siv engineering thiab hloov cov hlau hauv kev tsim cov tshuab, thiab lwm yam.
Engineering plastics muaj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, muaj zog rigidity, creep, siab mechanical zog, zoo tshav kub tsis kam, zoo hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, thiab yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv hnyav tshuaj thiab lub cev ib puag ncig rau lub sij hawm ntev.
Tam sim no, tsib yam khoom siv yas yas: PA (polyamide), POM (polyformaldehyde), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate) thiab PPO (polyphenyl ether) tau siv dav hauv ntau yam tom qab hloov kho.
Tshwj xeeb engineering plastics: tshwj xeeb engineering plastics xa mus rau ib hom engineering yas uas muaj kev ua tau zoo, kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab siv mus ntev kub siab tshaj 150 ℃. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv electronics, hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb industries thiab lwm yam high-tech teb.
Muaj polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), polyether ether ketene (PEEK), kua siv lead ua polymer (LCP), kub nylon (PPA), thiab lwm yam.
5. Dab tsi yog biodegradable yas?
Cov yas uas peb nquag siv yog cov saw ntev ntev macromolecules uas yog polymerized heev thiab nyuaj rau disassemble nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj. Kev kub hnyiab los yog pov tseg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua, yog li cov tib neeg nrhiav cov yas degradable kom txo tau ib puag ncig.
Cov yas degradable feem ntau muab faib ua cov yas photodegradable thiab biodegradable plastics.
Photodegradable plastics: Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb thiab tshav kub, lub polymer saw nyob rau hauv cov qauv yas yog tawg, thiaj li mus cuag lub hom phiaj ntawm degradation.
Biodegradable plastics: Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, microorganisms nyob rau hauv cov xwm ua txhaum lub ntev chains ntawm polymer cov qauv, thiab thaum kawg cov yas tawg yog zom thiab metabolized los ntawm cov kab mob mus rau hauv dej thiab carbon dioxide.
Tam sim no, cov yas degradable nrog kev lag luam zoo xws li PLA, PBAT, thiab lwm yam
Post lub sij hawm: 12-11-21