Cov polymers zoo meej - cov polymers uas sib npaug ntawm lub cev thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig - tsis muaj, tab sis polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) yog ze rau kev ua tiav ntau dua.
Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev tsis tuaj yeem nres lawv cov khoom uas xaus rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg thiab dej hiav txwv, cov neeg tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob tau raug yuam kom ua lub luag haujlwm. Ntau tus tau rov ua dua lawv txoj kev siv zog los txhawb kev rov ua dua tshiab los tiv thaiv kev thuam. Lwm lub tuam txhab tab tom sim daws cov teeb meem pov tseg los ntawm kev nqis peev hauv biodegradable bio-based plastics xws li polylactic acid (PLA) thiab polyhydroxy fatty acid esters (PHA), nyob rau hauv kev cia siab tias ntuj degradation yuav txo tau tsawg kawg ntawm cov pov tseg.
Tab sis ob qho tib si rov siv dua thiab biopolymers ntsib teeb meem. Piv txwv li, txawm tias muaj kev siv zog ntau xyoo, Tebchaws Meskas tseem rov siv dua tsawg dua 10 feem pua ntawm cov yas. Thiab bio-based polymers - feem ntau cov khoom ntawm fermentation - tau tawm tsam kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas lawv tau hloov.
PBAT ua ke qee qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab bio-based polymers. Nws yog muab los ntawm cov khoom siv petrochemical - refined terephthalic acid (PTA), butanediol thiab adipic acid, tab sis nws yog biodegradable. Raws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws, nws tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim, thiab nws muaj cov khoom siv lub cev xav tau los ua cov yeeb yaj kiab hloov tau zoo piv rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub.
Kev txaus siab hauv PBAT tau nce siab. Tsim cov neeg tsim khoom xws li lub teb chaws Yelemees BASF thiab Ltalis Novamont tau pom kev xav tau ntau ntxiv tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev tu lub khw. Lawv tau koom nrog ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg Esxias cov neeg tsim khoom uas xav tias kev lag luam rau cov polymer kom vam meej raws li tsoomfwv hauv cheeb tsam thawb kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg.
Marc Verbruggen, yav tas los CEO ntawm PLA chaw tsim tshuaj paus NatureWorks thiab tam sim no tus kws pab tswv yim ywj pheej, ntseeg hais tias PBAT yog "cov khoom uas pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws bioplastic los tsim" thiab nws ntseeg tias PBAT tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws, Nws yog ua ntej ntawm poly succinate butanediol ester ( PBS) thiab PHA cov neeg sib tw. Thiab nws zoo li yuav nyob nrog PLA yog ob qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws biodegradable plastics, uas nws hais tias tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov nruj.
Ramani Narayan, tus xibfwb ntawm chemical engineering ntawm Michigan State University, tau hais tias PBAT lub ntsiab muag - nws biodegradability - los ntawm ester daim ntawv cog lus, es tsis yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog-degradable polymers zoo li polyethylene. Ester bonds yooj yim hydrolyzed thiab puas los ntawm enzymes.
Piv txwv li, polylactic acid thiab PHA yog polyesters uas degrade thaum lawv ester bonds tawg. Tab sis feem ntau cov polyester - polyethylene terephthalate (PET), siv nyob rau hauv fibers thiab soda fwj - tsis tawg yooj yim li. Qhov no yog vim lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab hauv nws cov pob txha los ntawm PTA. Raws li Narayan, cov nplhaib uas muab cov qauv tsim kuj ua rau PET hydrophobic. Nws hais tias "Dej tsis yooj yim nkag rau hauv thiab nws ua rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem hydrolysis qeeb," nws hais.
Basf ua polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyester ua los ntawm butanediol. Lub tuam txhab cov kws tshawb fawb tau saib rau biodegradable polymer lawv tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim. Lawv hloov qee qhov PTA hauv PBT nrog adipose diacid glycolic acid. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov tshuaj tsw qab ntawm cov polymer raug cais kom lawv tuaj yeem ua biodegradable. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, PTA txaus txaus los muab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev.
Narayan ntseeg hais tias PBAT yog me ntsis biodegradable dua PLA, uas yuav tsum tau muaj compost kom decompose. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov khoom lag luam PHAs, uas yog biodegradable nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso, txawm nyob rau hauv Marine ib puag ncig.
Cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau sib piv cov khoom ntawm lub cev ntawm PBAT rau cov polyethylene tsawg ntom ntom, ib qho elastic polymer siv los ua cov yeeb yaj kiab, xws li cov hnab khib nyiab.
PBAT feem ntau yog sib xyaw nrog PLA, ib qho tawv polymer nrog cov khoom zoo li polystyrene. Basf's Ecovio hom yog raws li qhov sib xyaw no. Piv txwv li, Verbruggen hais tias lub hnab ntim khoom noj khoom haus feem ntau muaj 85% PBAT thiab 15% PLA.
Novamont ntxiv lwm qhov me me rau hauv daim ntawv qhia. Lub tuam txhab sib xyaw PBAT thiab lwm yam biodegradable aliphatic aromatic polyesters nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los tsim cov resins rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Stefano Facco, lub tuam txhab tus thawj tswj hwm kev lag luam tshiab, tau hais tias: "Tshaj 30 xyoo dhau los, Novamont tau tsom mus rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj peev xwm degradation tuaj yeem ntxiv tus nqi rau cov khoom nws tus kheej. “
Lub khw loj rau PBAT yog mulch, uas yog kis tau los ntawm cov qoob loo los tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag thiab pab khaws cov dej noo. Thaum siv cov yeeb yaj kiab polyethylene, nws yuav tsum tau rub thiab feem ntau faus rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg. Tab sis biodegradable films tuaj yeem cog ncaj qha rov qab rau hauv av.
Lwm lub lag luam loj yog cov hnab khib nyiab compostable rau kev pabcuam zaub mov thiab tsev khaws khoom noj thiab vaj pov tseg.
Lub hnab los ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li BioBag, tsis ntev los no tau los ntawm Novamont, tau muag ntawm cov khw muag khoom tau ntau xyoo.
Post lub sij hawm: 26-11-21